Russia and Iran have agreed to advance digital space regulations for international tech firms and share know-how on managing the internet, which was declared by human rights nonprofit Freedom House to be "not free" in both countries amid intense disinformation operations, surveillance, and censorship.
Aside from warning against the use of archaic cryptographic platforms and unencrypted data storage, such guidance also cautioned about the utilization of hardcoded secrets in critical infrastructure software source code and inadequate communications regarding product support periods.
The Pall Mall Process, which was launched in 2023 by the British and French governments to address the proliferation of commercial cyber intrusion capabilities, has drawn criticism for its limited impact.